{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2026-98230",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-98230"
  ],
  "published": "2026-10-06T08:47:10Z",
  "summary": "xfrm: use hlist_del_init_rcu for state_cache and state_cache_input",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: use hlist_del_init_rcu for state_cache and state_cache_input\n\nCommit 14acf9652e56 (\"xfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in\n__xfrm_state_delete\") converted bydst/bysrc/byseq/byspi from\nhlist_del_rcu() to hlist_del_init_rcu() so that a second\n__xfrm_state_delete() on the same object becomes a no-op rather than a\nwrite through LIST_POISON pprev. It missed state_cache and\nstate_cache_input, which kept hlist_del_rcu():\n\n- hlist_del_rcu() leaves pprev = LIST_POISON2 (non-NULL), so\n  hlist_unhashed() returns false.\n- hlist_del_init_rcu() leaves pprev = NULL, so hlist_unhashed()\n  returns true.\n\nA second __xfrm_state_delete() therefore enters __hlist_del() on the\nalready-deleted state_cache/state_cache_input nodes and does\nWRITE_ONCE(*pprev, next) through LIST_POISON2 \u2014 a write use-after-free\nonce the slab is reused. The corruption can in turn cause a subsequent\nhlist_for_each_entry_rcu traversal to follow a dangling next pointer,\nproducing the read use-after-free reported in xfrm_input_state_lookup().\n\nSwitch state_cache and state_cache_input to hlist_del_init_rcu() to\nmatch the other four lists, closing the write use-after-free and, with\nit, the read use-after-free it spawns.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98230"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb38fb7420d5f7192f9e2b6ac835ede149cd7ac5"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4748c27e2e6a1969e02f1df46e62f79d2799b80b"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9b74a47a4cbd0d29faff4f3b199212c73e6b6220"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2afb8dc1f4390f164db8352f8e685e126e9db566"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-10-07T06:50:27Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.0,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The bad unlink is in __xfrm_state_delete(), reached when SAs are removed via XFRM_MSG_DELSA/FLUSHSA/EXPIRE over NETLINK_XFRM or the af_key socket, or via xfrm_timer_handler expiry. ESP packets only walk state_cache_input in xfrm_input_state_lookup() and carry no malformed data that causes the double unlink, so the vector is local.\nAC:H - A second unlink needs __xfrm_state_delete() to see a non-DEAD state that was already removed, but every caller holds x->lock and checks km.state. The only path found that skips the VALID check is mlx5e_ipsec_handle_event(), which calls xfrm_state_check_expire() on a hardware hard-limit event and needs mlx5 packet offload, so the attacker cannot reliably arrange it.\nPR:L - Adding, expiring and flushing SAs over NETLINK_XFRM needs CAP_NET_ADMIN only in the user namespace that owns the netns. An unprivileged user gets it with unshare -Urn, and each netns has its own state_cache_input percpu lists and xfrm_state_lock.\nUI:N - The attacker drives the SA lifecycle (add, expire, delete, flush) and the traffic that fills the state caches themselves. No other user has to do anything.\nS:U - The corrupted hlist nodes are inside struct xfrm_state in kernel slab memory, so the impact stays within the kernel's own security authority.\nC:H - After the stale-pprev unlink, the state_cache_input chain can keep a freed xfrm_state, which hlist_for_each_entry_rcu in xfrm_input_state_lookup() then dereferences (the read UAF the commit reports). With slab reuse, an attacker can control the contents of that object.\nI:H - __hlist_del() on an already-unlinked state_cache/state_cache_input node does WRITE_ONCE(*pprev, next) through a stale pointer, a write use-after-free into reused slab memory that corrupts RCU hash-chain linkage.\nA:H - Writing through LIST_POISON2, or walking the corrupted per-CPU state_cache_input or policy state_cache_list chain, causes a general protection fault or KASAN oops in softirq or netns cleanup context, which takes down the kernel."
    }
  }
}