{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2026-93144",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-93144"
  ],
  "published": "2026-09-17T16:10:40Z",
  "summary": "bpf: Reject writes through untrusted BTF pointers",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject writes through untrusted BTF pointers\n\ncheck_ptr_to_btf_access() lets program-type btf_struct_access callbacks\nvalidate writes before the default BTF access path rejects non-read\naccesses. That bypasses the read-only policy for untrusted BTF pointers\ncreated by helpers such as bpf_rdonly_cast().\n\nReject non-read accesses through PTR_UNTRUSTED BTF pointers at the\ncommon entry point, before the callback branch to handle all cases.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-93144"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19d5566b84ca1af0256d0d0003e1a081580c3ba3"
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    "upstream_modified": "2026-09-18T17:55:42Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The attacker-controlled input is BPF bytecode that calls bpf_rdonly_cast() then STX, submitted via bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD) in SYSCALL_DEFINE5(bpf) \u2192 bpf_prog_load() \u2192 bpf_check() \u2192 do_check_main() \u2192 check_mem_access() \u2192 check_ptr_to_btf_access(); no remote protocol carries that untrusted pointer or the store.\nAC:L - A BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS program attached to bpf_dummy_ops (check_struct_ops_btf_id() sets env->ops to bpf_dummy_ops_btf_struct_access) or a BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS program (tc_cls_act_btf_struct_access) does bpf_rdonly_cast() then a store; the WRITE path ran the callback before the old \"only read is supported\" check. No race.\nPR:L - check_ptr_to_btf_access() returns -EPERM unless env->allow_ptr_leaks (bpf_token_capable(CAP_PERFMON)); STRUCT_OPS also fails is_perfmon_prog_type() without CAP_PERFMON, and add_subprog_and_kfunc() needs env->bpf_capable to emit bpf_rdonly_cast. bpf_token_capable() uses ns_capable() on a delegated token userns, not init-namespace root.\nUI:N - The attacker loads that program with BPF_PROG_LOAD and runs it via BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN (bpf_struct_ops_test_run() \u2192 dummy_ops_call_op() for bpf_dummy_ops, or bpf_prog_test_run_skb() for SCHED_CLS). No other user must mount, open a file, or cooperate.\nS:U - bpf_convert_ctx_accesses() leaves PTR_TO_BTF_ID|PTR_UNTRUSTED stores as plain STX (only reads become BPF_PROBE_MEM), so the write corrupts host kernel memory in the same authority as the bpf() caller; this is not a KVM/Xen guest-to-host escape or IOMMU bypass.\nC:H - The accepted STX writes attacker bytes through a bpf_rdonly_cast() pointer (obj__ign skips type checks) at bpf_dummy_ops_state.val, nf_conn.mark, or tcp_sock.snd_cwnd. That type-confused kernel write is a memory-corruption primitive that can be turned into an arbitrary kernel read.\nI:H - bpf_dummy_ops_btf_struct_access() accepts any store within sizeof(struct bpf_dummy_ops_state), and _nf_conntrack_btf_struct_access() accepts nf_conn.mark, on a PTR_UNTRUSTED base from bpf_rdonly_cast(); the JIT emits a plain store to that address, an arbitrary kernel write usable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The same unprobed STX to bpf_rdonly_cast(0, btf_id) or to an out-of-bounds map/stack address page-faults in kernel context during bpf_struct_ops_test_run()/bpf_prog_test_run_skb() and oopses/panics, and the attacker can repeat BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN at will."
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