{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2026-72463",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-72463"
  ],
  "published": "2026-08-15T06:04:33Z",
  "summary": "xfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption\n\nxfrm async resumption hold skb->dev refcnt until after transport_finish.\nHowever, xfrm_rcv_cb may modify skb->dev to tunnel dev without taking\ndevice reference, such as vti_rcv_cb. The subsequent async resumption\nwill decrement the tunnel device's reference count, which lead to uaf\nof tunnel dev and refcnt leak of orig dev as below:\n\nunregister_netdevice: waiting for vti1 to become free. Usage count = -2\n\nStash the original skb->dev to fix refcnt imbalance. The new skb->dev set\nby xfrm_rcv_cb can race with device teardown. Extend rcu protection over\nxfrm_rcv_cb and transport_finish to prevent races.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-72463"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fed4d3195a31125566876952ce66113ec1eb9008"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1acd93259b6be269e26be5d71c224bccd1f8352f"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63a30015199912bd5055bead8001b1ae68a67cdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8045c0df98d4f14c54e5cb875f1c9c0ce89fe4ff"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-10-03T11:04:09Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 9.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "Critical",
      "scenario": "AV:N - Reachable from the network receive path: remote ESP/AH (or UDP-encapsulated IPsec) packets hit ip_rcv \u2192 xfrm4/xfrm6 protocol handlers \u2192 vti/xfrmi input \u2192 xfrm_input() \u2192 async crypto resume, on Internet-facing IPsec/VTI/xfrmi VPN gateways and cloud endpoints.\nAC:L - Once async decryption resumes (encap_type=-1), vti_rcv_cb/xfrmi_rcv_cb retarget skb->dev and the stale dev_put is deterministic; the attacker controls packet rate/volume to drive -EINPROGRESS and can race netdev teardown, so no uncontrollable victim-only conditions apply.\nPR:N - No local account, shell, or capability on the victim is required\u2014only network-delivered IPsec traffic accepted by a pre-configured VTI/xfrmi gateway (e.g., VPN peer, site-to-site endpoint); administrative IPsec setup is deployment state, not attacker privilege on the host.\nUI:N - Exploitation is fully automated by sending IPsec packets; no victim interaction such as mounting filesystems, opening files, or clicking links is needed.\nS:U - Impact is kernel net_device refcount corruption/UAF within the host kernel security authority; it does not cross VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundaries (standard kernel privilege escalation, not escape).\nC:H - Use-after-free of a net_device after refcount underflow (e.g., usage count=-2) exposes freed netdev/slab memory; per kernel UAF guidance this provides a high-impact arbitrary-read primitive via heap grooming.\nI:H - Corrupting freed net_device structures and reference counts is classic heap UAF that can be shaped into arbitrary kernel writes and control-flow hijack for code execution, per kernel memory-corruption guidance.\nA:H - Refcount imbalance causes unregister_netdevice to hang (usage count=-2), kernel oops/panic during tunnel teardown, and reliable denial of service on IPsec gateways even before full exploitation."
    }
  }
}