{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2026-72427",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-72427"
  ],
  "published": "2026-08-15T06:04:33Z",
  "summary": "bpf: Fix effective prog array index with BPF_F_PREORDER",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix effective prog array index with BPF_F_PREORDER\n\nreplace_effective_prog() and purge_effective_progs() located the slot in\nthe effective array by walking the program hlist and counting entries\nlinearly. That count does not match the array layout: compute_effective_\nprogs() places BPF_F_PREORDER programs at the front (ancestor cgroup\nfirst, attach order within a cgroup) and the rest after them (descendant\ncgroup first). So when a preorder program is present, the linear hlist\nposition no longer equals the program's index in the effective array.\n\nFor replace_effective_prog() (bpf_link_update()) this overwrote the\nwrong slot, corrupting the effective order. For purge_effective_progs(),\nit could dummy out a slot belonging to a different program and leave the\ndetached program in the array while bpf_prog_put() drops its reference,\ni.e. a use-after-free.\n\nFix both by replaying compute_effective_progs()'s placement (including\nthe per-cgroup preorder reversal) in a shared effective_prog_pos()\nhelper. Identify the entry by its struct bpf_prog_list pointer rather\nthan by (prog, link) value, so the lookup resolves to exactly the\nattachment the syscall selected even when the same bpf_prog is attached\nto several cgroups in the hierarchy.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-72427"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/525e408c27ae714e538b8c608c3a974df3ab6c92"
    },
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      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41b4320b84fdafe1ab586b06453d30d50415db59"
    },
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      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9697db03e010391c55ae75192cbdf30c5a72c114"
    },
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      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b584f107ab90222bd825dcb4c5977326ff684109"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f08aaee3152d0dfc578b3f2586932d82062701dd"
    }
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    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-17T05:50:24Z",
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      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local bpf() syscalls (BPF_LINK_CREATE/BPF_PROG_ATTACH with BPF_F_PREORDER, BPF_LINK_UPDATE, BPF_PROG_DETACH/BPF_LINK_DETACH) through __cgroup_bpf_replace/__cgroup_bpf_detach in kernel/bpf/cgroup.c; per kernel CNA guidance BPF cgroup hooks are Local even when later triggered by packets.\nAC:L - Attacker fully controls cgroup hierarchy, BPF_F_PREORDER|BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI attachments, and bpf_link_update/detach timing; purge_effective_progs UAF needs update_effective_progs() OOM which attacker can induce via memory pressure/large hierarchies, and bpf_link_update ordering corruption triggers without OOM.\nPR:L - Reaching the bug requires CAP_BPF (and CAP_NET_ADMIN for most cgroup BPF types) plus cgroup v2 attach access, commonly obtainable by unprivileged users via delegated cgroups or user namespaces (CAP_BPF/CAP_NET_ADMIN), not init-namespace root.\nUI:N - Attacker loads, attaches, and updates/detaches their own cgroup BPF programs and links via bpf(); no separate victim or administrator action is required.\nS:U - The bug corrupts kernel cgroup BPF effective-prog arrays causing UAF/ordering corruption within the same kernel security domain, enabling local privilege escalation rather than crossing VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundaries.\nC:H - purge_effective_progs() can leave a detached bpf_prog pointer in the RCU-protected effective array while bpf_prog_put() frees it, yielding a use-after-free read when __cgroup_bpf_run_filter_* later executes the stale program under RCU.\nI:H - UAF of bpf_prog objects enables heap reuse for arbitrary kernel writes/control-flow hijack; bpf_link_update() mis-indexing can overwrite another attachment's effective slot so attacker-controlled BPF runs in place of security/filter programs on traffic for the whole cgroup tree.\nA:H - Freed-but-still-referenced programs are executed from softirq/network cgroup hooks and reliably cause kernel oops/panic/KASAN failures; ordering corruption can also crash or hang filtering paths serving container/cloud workloads."
    }
  }
}