{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2026-53036",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-53036"
  ],
  "published": "2026-06-24T16:31:02Z",
  "summary": "bpf, arm64: Fix off-by-one in check_imm signed range check",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf, arm64: Fix off-by-one in check_imm signed range check\n\ncheck_imm(bits, imm) is used in the arm64 BPF JIT to verify that\na branch displacement (in arm64 instruction units) fits into the\nsigned N-bit immediate field of a B, B.cond or CBZ/CBNZ encoding\nbefore it is handed to the encoder. The macro currently tests for\n(imm > 0 && imm >> bits) || (imm < 0 && ~imm >> bits) which admits\nvalues in [-2^N, 2^N) \u2014 effectively a signed (N+1)-bit range. A\nsigned N-bit field only holds [-2^(N-1), 2^(N-1)), so the check\nadmits one extra bit of range on each side.\n\nIn particular, for check_imm19(), values in [2^18, 2^19) slip past\nthe check but do not fit into the 19-bit signed imm19 field of\nB.cond. aarch64_insn_encode_immediate() then masks the raw value\ninto the 19-bit field, setting bit 18 (the sign bit) and flipping\na forward branch into a backward one. Same class of issue exists\nfor check_imm26() and the B/BL encoding. Shift by (bits - 1)\ninstead of bits so the actual signed N-bit range is enforced.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53036"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a5dfeb3b61065039488342d43ae06d4729d955d4"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fd3b41260c6120e7b60164afea5d961af6224f9"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6927f0d6794aa73318bbfa929f1ff6065b0620df"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a113b5497297871699cd498b1b83542e0db7f15"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb74defa1cca1a73177c0c761e641332e4f979a3"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dd8be4ec722ce54e4cace59f3a4ba658111b3ec"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T13:16:28Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerable arm64 BPF JIT code is reached by a local attacker through the bpf() syscall with BPF_PROG_LOAD, not by remote packets or adjacent/physical access.\nAC:L - Triggering is deterministic once the attacker can load a suitably large BPF program on an arm64 kernel with BPF JIT enabled; there is no race or victim state dependency.\nPR:L - The oversized program needed to hit the bad immediate range requires privileged BPF loading, but BPF tokens/namespaced delegation make this reachable with non-host-root delegated privileges in plausible deployments. Under the required uncertainty rule, PR:L is the higher-severity defensible choice over PR:H.\nUI:N - No victim action is required after the attacker submits and runs the crafted BPF program.\nS:U - The vulnerability affects kernel execution within the same host security authority and is a standard local kernel compromise path, not a VM/container boundary escape by itself.\nC:H - The JIT can emit a verifier-unmodeled branch into attacker-shaped native BPF code, a BPF JIT verifier-bypass class issue that can plausibly yield arbitrary kernel memory read.\nI:H - The miscompiled branch can redirect execution through unintended JIT code paths, making arbitrary kernel code execution or write primitives defensible.\nA:H - Even without full exploitation, the invalid native control flow can reliably crash or hang kernel execution when the malformed BPF program runs."
    }
  }
}