{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2026-31588",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-31588"
  ],
  "published": "2026-04-24T14:43:40Z",
  "summary": "KVM: x86: Use scratch field in MMIO fragment to hold small write values",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Use scratch field in MMIO fragment to hold small write values\n\nWhen exiting to userspace to service an emulated MMIO write, copy the\nto-be-written value to a scratch field in the MMIO fragment if the size\nof the data payload is 8 bytes or less, i.e. can fit in a single chunk,\ninstead of pointing the fragment directly at the source value.\n\nThis fixes a class of use-after-free bugs that occur when the emulator\ninitiates a write using an on-stack, local variable as the source, the\nwrite splits a page boundary, *and* both pages are MMIO pages.  Because\nKVM's ABI only allows for physically contiguous MMIO requests, accesses\nthat split MMIO pages are separated into two fragments, and are sent to\nuserspace one at a time.  When KVM attempts to complete userspace MMIO in\nresponse to KVM_RUN after the first fragment, KVM will detect the second\nfragment and generate a second userspace exit, and reference the on-stack\nvariable.\n\nThe issue is most visible if the second KVM_RUN is performed by a separate\ntask, in which case the stack of the initiating task can show up as truly\nfreed data.\n\n  ==================================================================\n  BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in complete_emulated_mmio+0x305/0x420\n  Read of size 1 at addr ffff888009c378d1 by task syz-executor417/984\n\n  CPU: 1 PID: 984 Comm: syz-executor417 Not tainted 5.10.0-182.0.0.95.h2627.eulerosv2r13.x86_64 #3\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.15.0-0-g2dd4b9b3f840-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Call Trace:\n  dump_stack+0xbe/0xfd\n  print_address_description.constprop.0+0x19/0x170\n  __kasan_report.cold+0x6c/0x84\n  kasan_report+0x3a/0x50\n  check_memory_region+0xfd/0x1f0\n  memcpy+0x20/0x60\n  complete_emulated_mmio+0x305/0x420\n  kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x63f/0x6d0\n  kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x413/0xb20\n  __se_sys_ioctl+0x111/0x160\n  do_syscall_64+0x30/0x40\n  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0xd1\n  RIP: 0033:0x42477d\n  Code: <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 b0 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48\n  RSP: 002b:00007faa8e6890e8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010\n  RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00000000004d7338 RCX: 000000000042477d\n  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 000000000000ae80 RDI: 0000000000000005\n  RBP: 00000000004d7330 R08: 00007fff28d546df R09: 0000000000000000\n  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00000000004d733c\n  R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000000000040a200 R15: 00007fff28d54720\n\n  The buggy address belongs to the page:\n  page:0000000029f6a428 refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x9c37\n  flags: 0xfffffc0000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)\n  raw: 000fffffc0000000 0000000000000000 ffffea0000270dc8 0000000000000000\n  raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected\n\n  Memory state around the buggy address:\n  ffff888009c37780: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\n  ffff888009c37800: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\n  >ffff888009c37880: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\n                                                   ^\n  ffff888009c37900: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\n  ffff888009c37980: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\n  ==================================================================\n\nThe bug can also be reproduced with a targeted KVM-Unit-Test by hacking\nKVM to fill a large on-stack variable in complete_emulated_mmio(), i.e. by\noverwrite the data value with garbage.\n\nLimit the use of the scratch fields to 8-byte or smaller accesses, and to\njust writes, as larger accesses and reads are not affected thanks to\nimplementation details in the emulator, but add a sanity check to ensure\nthose details don't change in the future.  Specifically, KVM never uses\non-stack variables for accesses larger that 8 bytes, e.g. uses an operand\nin the emulator context, and *al\n---truncated---",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31588"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/019d0bd32b9a4646ba35d904907452039e2db700"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4569c66dd9e94a22cd0796b6514a8b25ffff16a1"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52570e73d48f1c73836d37e594667117b4c2a5a8"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc6a6c3db3a4eca7e747cfc46e22c08d016c68f7"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5a02d37eb0739f462fa12df449ab9b3480c783b"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/22d2ff69d487a32a8b88f9c970120fc2daa08a77"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2b83d91e9ae92fe1258d7040a32430bbb3bb7d6e"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a7b6d75c8f85b09dea893f64a85a356bcf6c3fe"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0b16e69d17d8c35c5c9d5918bf596c75a44655d3"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T13:16:28Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 8.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local KVM vCPU execution and KVM_RUN ioctl/MMIO emulation, not by network packets or physical attachment.\nAC:L - An attacker with KVM VM control can arrange a small write crossing two MMIO pages and issue the follow-up KVM_RUN; the needed conditions are attacker-controlled rather than environmental races.\nPR:L - The attacker needs access to create/run a KVM VM via /dev/kvm or equivalent tenant VM execution rights, but no host administrative capability check gates the vulnerable KVM_RUN path once that access exists.\nUI:N - No victim action is required after the attacker can run the crafted VM/vCPU sequence.\nS:C - KVM enforces the guest/host virtualization boundary, and exploitation of host kernel KVM state from VM execution crosses that security boundary.\nC:H - The stale MMIO fragment pointer can read freed or reused host kernel stack data and copy it into the userspace-visible MMIO data path, enabling disclosure of sensitive host kernel memory.\nI:H - This is a kernel use-after-free in KVM\u2019s MMIO completion state machine involving freed/reused stack memory; under conservative kernel scoring, such UAF memory corruption is treated as capable of host kernel integrity compromise.\nA:H - The reported failure is a KASAN use-after-free in complete_emulated_mmio, and repeated triggering can crash or destabilize the host kernel, especially on hardened/debug or panic-on-oops deployments."
    }
  }
}