{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-71161",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-71161"
  ],
  "published": "2026-01-23T15:25:01Z",
  "summary": "dm-verity: disable recursive forward error correction",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndm-verity: disable recursive forward error correction\n\nThere are two problems with the recursive correction:\n\n1. It may cause denial-of-service. In fec_read_bufs, there is a loop that\nhas 253 iterations. For each iteration, we may call verity_hash_for_block\nrecursively. There is a limit of 4 nested recursions - that means that\nthere may be at most 253^4 (4 billion) iterations. Red Hat QE team\nactually created an image that pushes dm-verity to this limit - and this\nimage just makes the udev-worker process get stuck in the 'D' state.\n\n2. It doesn't work. In fec_read_bufs we store data into the variable\n\"fio->bufs\", but fio bufs is shared between recursive invocations, if\n\"verity_hash_for_block\" invoked correction recursively, it would\noverwrite partially filled fio->bufs.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71161"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b821ca892cfeeaf0bedc9fc72717294f67144d5"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e227d2b229c7529bd98d348efc55262ccf24ab35"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/897d9006e75f46f8bd7df78faa424327ae6a4bcf"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4220cb37406915c926c0e4a3dbab77cd9cceeb1e"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/232948cf600fba69aff36b25d85ef91a73a35756"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9f3e47d3fae0c101d9094bc956ed24e7a0ee801"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.5,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:N - In a reasonable cloud or network-boot deployment, dm-verity data, hash, and FEC devices can be NBD-backed, allowing attacker-controlled TCP replies to supply the crafted blocks directly to the verification path.\nAC:L - A static crafted image deterministically drives FEC scanning into as many as 253^4 recursive iterations, as demonstrated by Red Hat QE. No race or uncontrollable memory layout is required.\nPR:N - DM table creation requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the initial user namespace, but that is victim-side setup. A malicious configured network-block peer requires no account or privilege on the affected system to return crafted blocks.\nUI:N - Once the mapping is active, automatic udev probing, boot-time access, or ordinary filesystem I/O triggers FEC without requiring a user action.\nS:U - The vulnerable processing and resulting availability loss occur within the same kernel security authority, without crossing a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:N - Recursive calls only clobber bounded per-I/O Reed-Solomon working data, and corrected output is cryptographically revalidated before being copied to its destination. The flaw provides no disclosure or read primitive.\nI:N - Although nested decoding corrupts outer intermediate results, the wanted digest is checked before corrected data is used, so failure produces an I/O error rather than attacker-selected data. No arbitrary-write or control-flow primitive results from this flaw.\nA:H - The crafted blocks can force approximately 4.1 billion iterations and leave I/O submitters such as udev workers blocked in uninterruptible sleep. On a boot or operational image this can prevent startup or render the device and dependent services unavailable."
    }
  }
}