{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-40319",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-40319"
  ],
  "published": "2025-12-08T00:47:38Z",
  "summary": "bpf: Sync pending IRQ work before freeing ring buffer",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Sync pending IRQ work before freeing ring buffer\n\nFix a race where irq_work can be queued in bpf_ringbuf_commit()\nbut the ring buffer is freed before the work executes.\nIn the syzbot reproducer, a BPF program attached to sched_switch\ntriggers bpf_ringbuf_commit(), queuing an irq_work. If the ring buffer\nis freed before this work executes, the irq_work thread may accesses\nfreed memory.\nCalling `irq_work_sync(&rb->work)` ensures that all pending irq_work\ncomplete before freeing the buffer.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40319"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/47626748a2a00068dbbd5836d19076637b4e235b"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1828c7a8d8135e21ff6adaaa9458c32aae13b11"
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    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/10ca3b2eec384628bc9f5d8190aed9427ad2dde6"
    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/430e15544f11f8de26b2b5109c7152f71b78295e"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e9077638301816a7d73fa1e1b4c1db4a7e3b59c"
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  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the `bpf()` syscall \u2014 creating a ringbuf map, loading a program that calls `bpf_ringbuf_output`/`submit`, and closing the fds to drive `ringbuf_map_free()`. There is no path for a remote peer to load BPF programs, so local system access is required.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: he triggers `bpf_ringbuf_commit()` on demand (loopback packet into his own socket filter, using `BPF_RB_FORCE_WAKEUP` to guarantee `irq_work_queue()` on every commit) and separately triggers the free by detaching and closing the map/prog fds, looping unboundedly. On PREEMPT_RT the work is deferred to the `irq_workd` kthread and on architectures without `arch_irq_work_has_interrupt()` to the next tick, widening the window to milliseconds; syzbot both reproduced the bug and confirmed the fix.\nPR:L - `BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF`/`USER_RINGBUF` are listed as unprivileged map types in `map_create()`, the ringbuf helpers sit above the `CAP_BPF` gate in `bpf_base_func_proto()`, `BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER` is exempt from the CAP_BPF prog-load check, and `SO_ATTACH_BPF` has no capability check \u2014 so an ordinary unprivileged user can build the entire chain on the upstream default `unprivileged_bpf_disabled=0`.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step himself \u2014 map creation, program load, socket attach, packet injection, and fd close \u2014 with no victim action or cooperating process required.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel memory and the per-CPU irq_work list within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `irq_work_single()` and `bpf_ringbuf_notify()`/`wake_up_all()` read `work->node.llist`, `work->func`, `work->irqwait.task`, and the `waitq` list head out of freed memory, and the vmalloc VA range can be reclaimed with a large vmalloc-backed `BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY` whose contents the attacker sets \u2014 turning the dangling traversal into an arbitrary kernel-memory read/disclosure primitive.\nI:H - The irq_work core performs `atomic_set()`/`atomic_cmpxchg()` writes into the freed object and an indirect call `work->func(work)` on a pointer read from it, while `wake_up_all()` adds `list_del_init()` unlink writes and a second function-pointer call \u2014 after VA-range reclamation with controlled data this is a direct control-flow hijack and arbitrary-write path to privilege escalation.\nA:H - This is a use-after-free reported by syzbot as a KASAN splat; in the common case the irq_work dereferences an already-unmapped vmalloc address from hardirq or the `irq_workd` kthread, producing an unhandled page fault and kernel panic, and it can be re-triggered in a loop."
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}