{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-40158",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-40158"
  ],
  "published": "2025-11-12T10:24:04Z",
  "summary": "ipv6: use RCU in ip6_output()",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv6: use RCU in ip6_output()\n\nUse RCU in ip6_output() in order to use dst_dev_rcu() to prevent\npossible UAF.\n\nWe can remove rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() pairs\nfrom ip6_finish_output2().",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40158"
    },
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    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
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      "scenario": "AV:N - `ip6_output()` is the IPv6 egress path for *forwarded* packets \u2014 `ip6_forward()` \u2192 `ip6_forward_finish()` \u2192 `dst_output()` \u2192 `ip6_output()` \u2014 so a remote, unauthenticated attacker's IPv6 traffic drives the vulnerable function on any Linux router, gateway, or container/cloud host, matching sibling CVE-2025-40168 in the same dst_dev_rcu series.\nAC:H - The remote attacker supplies the traffic side of the race freely, but the `dst_dev_put()` side (netdev unregister/link down, veth deletion, route-exception teardown) is an operational event they cannot influence from the network, and the freed `inet6_dev`/`net_device` must be reallocated with useful content to escalate beyond a crash.\nPR:N - Packets on the forwarding path reach `ip6_output()` with no credentials, no socket, and no local account on the target \u2014 the router transmits them automatically. (Even in the purely local framing the netns/CAP_NET_ADMIN half is obtainable via `unshare -Urn`, so no real privilege is required either way.)\nUI:N - Transmission and forwarding happen unconditionally in softirq/process context on packet arrival; no administrator or local user has to open, mount, or click anything.\nS:U - The freed `inet6_dev` and `net_device` are kernel objects and the corruption stays within the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free read of `idev->cnf.disable_ipv6`, `idev->stats.ipv6`, `dev->hard_header_len`/`needed_headroom`, `dev->header_ops` and `dev->flags`; once the freed slab object is reallocated the attacker can steer header-expansion sizes and the egress device, yielding kernel memory disclosure and out-of-device packet leakage.\nI:H - `IP6_INC_STATS`/`IP6_UPD_PO_STATS` expand to `SNMP_INC_STATS64(idev->stats.ipv6, field)`, performing a 64-bit increment through a per-CPU pointer loaded from freed memory \u2014 an arbitrary-write primitive after reallocation \u2014 and `neigh_output()` \u2192 `dev_queue_xmit()` makes an indirect call through `dev->netdev_ops->ndo_start_xmit` read from the freed `net_device`, giving control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Dereferencing a freed `inet6_dev`/`net_device` on the packet transmit path reliably oopses or panics the kernel (KASAN slab-use-after-free), and the crash is in the core IPv6 output path so it takes down the whole forwarding host."
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}