{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-39977",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-39977"
  ],
  "published": "2025-10-15T07:57:23Z",
  "summary": "futex: Prevent use-after-free during requeue-PI",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfutex: Prevent use-after-free during requeue-PI\n\nsyzbot managed to trigger the following race:\n\n   T1                               T2\n\n futex_wait_requeue_pi()\n   futex_do_wait()\n     schedule()\n                               futex_requeue()\n                                 futex_proxy_trylock_atomic()\n                                   futex_requeue_pi_prepare()\n                                   requeue_pi_wake_futex()\n                                     futex_requeue_pi_complete()\n                                      /* preempt */\n\n         * timeout/ signal wakes T1 *\n\n   futex_requeue_pi_wakeup_sync() // Q_REQUEUE_PI_LOCKED\n   futex_hash_put()\n  // back to userland, on stack futex_q is garbage\n\n                                      /* back */\n                                     wake_up_state(q->task, TASK_NORMAL);\n\nIn this scenario futex_wait_requeue_pi() is able to leave without using\nfutex_q::lock_ptr for synchronization.\n\nThis can be prevented by reading futex_q::task before updating the\nfutex_q::requeue_state. A reference on the task_struct is not needed\nbecause requeue_pi_wake_futex() is invoked with a spinlock_t held which\nimplies a RCU read section.\n\nEven if T1 terminates immediately after, the task_struct will remain valid\nduring T2's wake_up_state().  A READ_ONCE on futex_q::task before\nfutex_requeue_pi_complete() is enough because it ensures that the variable\nis read before the state is updated.\n\nRead futex_q::task before updating the requeue state, use it for the\nfollowing wakeup.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39977"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cb5d19a61274b51b49601214a87af573b43d60fa"
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    },
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    },
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    },
    {
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  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The race is driven entirely through the futex(2) syscall (FUTEX_WAIT_REQUEUE_PI on one thread, FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE_PI on another), which requires local execution on the target system. There is no remote or adjacent-network path into kernel/futex/requeue.c.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: it creates the waiter thread with an attacker-chosen short timeout (or delivers a signal) and simultaneously issues the requeue from a second thread, and can retry the loop millions of times with CPU pinning and interrupt pressure to hit the window between futex_requeue_pi_complete() and wake_up_state(). syzbot hit it with random fuzzing, and on PREEMPT_RT the hb spinlock_t is preemptible, making the window wide.\nPR:L - Any unprivileged local user can call futex() with FUTEX_WAIT_REQUEUE_PI/FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE_PI; do_futex() and futex_requeue() contain no capability or credential checks, and CONFIG_FUTEX_PI is default-y. The path is reachable from inside containers and sandboxes with no elevated privileges.\nUI:N - The attacker's own two threads perform every step of the exploit; no victim action, mount, or file open is involved.\nS:U - The corruption occurs in kernel memory (a stale kernel stack frame and a type-confused task_struct) and stays within the kernel's own security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free read of the waiter's dead kernel stack frame, and the resulting attacker-influenced task_struct pointer is dereferenced in try_to_wake_up() (p->__state, p->saved_state, p->on_rq, p->sched_class), giving an arbitrary kernel-memory read/oracle primitive. Per UAF guidance this is High.\nI:H - The stale futex_q lives on the attacker's own kernel stack, which can be refilled with controlled bytes by an immediately following syscall, so q->task becomes an attacker-chosen pointer; try_to_wake_up() then writes to it (raw_spin_lock on p->pi_lock, WRITE_ONCE(p->__state, TASK_RUNNING), runqueue list manipulation) and makes an indirect call through p->sched_class->enqueue_task(), a plausible local privilege-escalation path.\nA:H - In the unexploited case wake_up_state() dereferences a wild pointer from reused stack memory, causing an immediate oops/panic, and corrupting scheduler runqueue state can hang the machine. Any use-after-free of this kind is a High availability impact."
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}