{ "schema_version": "1.6.1", "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-39956", "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z", "upstream": [ "CVE-2025-39956" ], "published": "2025-10-09T09:47:53Z", "summary": "igc: don't fail igc_probe() on LED setup error", "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nigc: don't fail igc_probe() on LED setup error\n\nWhen igc_led_setup() fails, igc_probe() fails and triggers kernel panic\nin free_netdev() since unregister_netdev() is not called. [1]\nThis behavior can be tested using fault-injection framework, especially\nthe failslab feature. [2]\n\nSince LED support is not mandatory, treat LED setup failures as\nnon-fatal and continue probe with a warning message, consequently\navoiding the kernel panic.\n\n[1]\n kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12047!\n Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 937 Comm: repro-igc-led-e Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4-enjuk-tnguy-00865-gc4940196ab02 #64 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n RIP: 0010:free_netdev+0x278/0x2b0\n [...]\n Call Trace:\n \n igc_probe+0x370/0x910\n local_pci_probe+0x3a/0x80\n pci_device_probe+0xd1/0x200\n [...]\n\n[2]\n #!/bin/bash -ex\n\n FAILSLAB_PATH=/sys/kernel/debug/failslab/\n DEVICE=0000:00:05.0\n START_ADDR=$(grep \" igc_led_setup\" /proc/kallsyms \\\n | awk '{printf(\"0x%s\", $1)}')\n END_ADDR=$(printf \"0x%x\" $((START_ADDR + 0x100)))\n\n echo $START_ADDR > $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-start\n echo $END_ADDR > $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-end\n echo 1 > $FAILSLAB_PATH/times\n echo 100 > $FAILSLAB_PATH/probability\n echo N > $FAILSLAB_PATH/ignore-gfp-wait\n\n echo $DEVICE > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/igc/bind", "severity": [ { "type": "CVSS_V3", "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H" } ], "affected": [ { "package": { "ecosystem": "Raspberry Pi OS:12", "name": "linux" }, "versions": [ "1:6.12.20-1+rpt1~bpo12+1", "1:6.12.25-1+rpt1", "1:6.12.34-1+rpt1~bookworm", "1:6.12.47-1+rpt1~bookworm" ], "ecosystem_specific": { "binaries": [ { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.12.20+rpt-rpi-2712", "binary_version": "1:6.12.20-1+rpt1~bpo12+1" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.12.20+rpt-rpi-v7l", "binary_version": "1:6.12.20-1+rpt1~bpo12+1" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.12.20+rpt-rpi-v8", "binary_version": "1:6.12.20-1+rpt1~bpo12+1" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-2712", "binary_version": "1:6.12.25-1+rpt1" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-v7l", "binary_version": "1:6.12.25-1+rpt1" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.12.25+rpt-rpi-v8", 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"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39956" }, { "type": "FIX", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bec504867acc7315de9cd96ef9161fa52a25abe8" }, { "type": "FIX", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f05e82d8553232cef150a6dbb70ed67d162abb2b" }, { "type": "FIX", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/528eb4e19ec0df30d0c9ae4074ce945667dde919" } ], "database_specific": { "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git", "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z", "severity": { "source": "kernel CNA", "cvss_v3_score": 7.8, "cvss_v3_severity": "High", "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is a PCI driver probe reached locally (sysfs bind, module load, PCI rescan/hotplug), and the resulting corrupted-but-registered netdev is exercised through local syscalls (ioctl, socket TX, /proc/net/dev). No remote or adjacent network input reaches `igc_probe()`.\nAC:L - The failure is deterministic once `igc_led_setup()` returns an error \u2014 the commit's own reproducer makes it fire 100% of the time \u2014 and the required slab-allocation failure is reachable through ordinary memory-exhaustion pressure with no race to win and no unknowable memory layout required.\nPR:L - A low-privileged local user can drive the system-wide slab exhaustion that makes the GFP_KERNEL allocations in `igc_led_setup()`/`led_classdev_register()` fail during any probe event, and every follow-on use-after-free on the gutted-but-registered netdev (packet transmit, `/proc/net/dev` reads, ethtool GET ioctls) is reachable with no privileges at all.\nUI:N - `igc_probe()` runs automatically on device enumeration, module load, or hotplug with no victim action required, and the post-oops UAF state is reachable without any user cooperation.\nS:U - The BUG(), the premature frees and the dangling driver/iomem state all occur inside the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `free_netdev()` releases `dev->ethtool`, `dev->_tx`/`dev->_rx` queue arrays and the percpu refcount/stats before hitting the BUG_ON, leaving a still-registered net_device whose freed slab objects can be reallocated and read back through unprivileged ethtool/stat/transmit paths, yielding arbitrary kernel heap disclosure.\nI:H - The same dangling `netdev_queue`/`struct ethtool` pointers on a live registered device give a use-after-free write primitive on attacker-sprayable slab memory, plus writes through the iounmap'd MMIO pointer and freed igc rings retained by the still-active adapter.\nA:H - `BUG_ON(dev->reg_state != NETREG_UNREGISTERED)` fires an invalid-opcode oops that is an immediate panic on `panic_on_oops`/hardened embedded builds, and even when it isn't the probe thread dies holding `device_lock()`, permanently wedging bind/unbind/rmmod and leaving a netdev whose next use crashes the kernel." } } }