{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-39800",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-39800"
  ],
  "published": "2025-09-15T12:37:28Z",
  "summary": "btrfs: abort transaction on unexpected eb generation at btrfs_copy_root()",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: abort transaction on unexpected eb generation at btrfs_copy_root()\n\nIf we find an unexpected generation for the extent buffer we are cloning\nat btrfs_copy_root(), we just WARN_ON() and don't error out and abort the\ntransaction, meaning we allow to persist metadata with an unexpected\ngeneration. Instead of warning only, abort the transaction and return\n-EUCLEAN.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39800"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4290e34fb87ae556b12c216efd0ae91583446b7a"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4734255ef39b416864139dcda96a387fe5f33a6a"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da2124719f386b6e5d4d4b1a2e67c440e4d5892f"
    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4f5bd9251a4cbe55aaa05725c6c3c32ad1f74b3"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33e8f24b52d2796b8cfb28c19a1a7dd6476323a8"
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  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - btrfs is a local filesystem; the vulnerable code is reached through the `BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_CREATE`/`SNAP_CREATE_V2` ioctl path or through relocation on a locally mounted volume. No remote peer data or network protocol handler reaches `btrfs_copy_root()`.\nAC:L - Once the volume carries a tree block with a future generation \u2014 a state the attacker authors directly in a crafted image, or that pre-exists from bit rot or an earlier bug \u2014 the trigger is a single deterministic ioctl with no race to win and no memory layout to groom. The attacker controls both the on-disk state and the snapshot request, so nothing is beyond their influence.\nPR:L - `__btrfs_ioctl_snap_create()` gates snapshots only on `inode_owner_or_capable()` against the source subvolume, and plain subvolume creation is explicitly unrestricted, so any unprivileged user with write access to a btrfs mount can create a subvolume and then snapshot it to drive `create_pending_snapshot()` into `btrfs_copy_root()`.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the snapshot ioctl themselves against a filesystem that is already mounted, and the balance/relocation path likewise runs without any victim action. No one has to open a file or mount anything at exploitation time.\nS:U - The mishandled metadata, the corrupted extent tree, and the resulting crashes all stay within the kernel's own security authority on the same host; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Persisting the clone means the bogus-generation block later makes `btrfs_block_can_be_shared()` return false (`buf_gen > btrfs_root_last_snapshot()`), so COW skips ref accounting for a block the new snapshot references; extents are subsequently freed while still in use and reallocated to other files, letting the attacker read data belonging to other users through their own subvolume.\nI:H - The kernel writes metadata it has already recognised as invalid, and the resulting extent-refcount divergence causes in-use blocks to be handed out to unrelated files \u2014 arbitrary, persistent corruption of other users' file contents and of filesystem metadata that survives reboot.\nA:H - The `WARN_ON()` alone is an immediate panic under `panic_on_warn`, and the corrupted metadata that gets committed makes later tree reads fail the parent-transid check, leaving the filesystem unmountable or forcing it read-only \u2014 a persistent denial of service the attacker can trigger at will."
    }
  }
}