{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-39697",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-39697"
  ],
  "published": "2025-09-05T17:22:05Z",
  "summary": "NFS: Fix a race when updating an existing write",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nNFS: Fix a race when updating an existing write\n\nAfter nfs_lock_and_join_requests() tests for whether the request is\nstill attached to the mapping, nothing prevents a call to\nnfs_inode_remove_request() from succeeding until we actually lock the\npage group.\nThe reason is that whoever called nfs_inode_remove_request() doesn't\nnecessarily have a lock on the page group head.\n\nSo in order to avoid races, let's take the page group lock earlier in\nnfs_lock_and_join_requests(), and hold it across the removal of the\nrequest in nfs_inode_remove_request().",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39697"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ff42a32784e0f2cb46a46da8e9f473538c13e1b"
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    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c32e3c71aaa1c1ba05da88605e2ddd493c58794f"
    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/181feb41f0b268e6288bf9a7b984624d7fe2031d"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92278ae36935a54e65fef9f8ea8efe7e80481ace"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/202a3432d21ac060629a760fff3b0a39859da3ea"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/76d2e3890fb169168c73f2e4f8375c7cc24a765e"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is in the NFS client's buffered-write path and is reached through local `write(2)`/mmap dirtying plus writeback-forcing syscalls (`fsync`, `sync_file_range`, `ftruncate`); a purely remote party cannot create the required local writer, though a malicious NFS server can precisely time the racing removal side via its RPC replies.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 one thread issues overlapping buffered writes to the same folio while another forces writeback/invalidation \u2014 and can retry the loop indefinitely with no precondition outside their control; server-induced short writes or errors widen the window further.\nPR:L - Only an unprivileged local account with write access to any file on an NFS mount is required, which is the norm on NFS-backed home directories, HPC scratch, and container/Kubernetes NFS volumes.\nUI:N - The attacker's own process performs all the writes, writeback triggers, and truncation; no action by any other user is needed beyond the NFS mount already existing.\nS:U - The corruption and resulting crash are confined to the kernel's own security authority on the affected host; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Detaching the folio from NFS's private bookkeeping while requests are still live breaks the writeback-state invariant, allowing mismatched `folio_start/end_writeback` and stale `req->wb_head`/folio references so freed or recycled page contents can be transmitted to the server and read back, and truncated-mapping pointers are dereferenced.\nI:H - Writes acknowledged to userspace are silently discarded \u2014 the merged request is detached and freed while the folio's dirty bit is consumed by writeback with no RPC sent \u2014 corrupting NFS file data for any process on the client, and kernel request/refcount/`nrequests` state is left inconsistent.\nA:H - The zombie request lets the folio be truncated or reclaimed with `folio->mapping` set to NULL while completion paths unconditionally dereference `folio->mapping->host` (`nfs_page_to_inode`, `nfs_inode_remove_request`, `nfs_folio_end_writeback`), producing a kernel oops, and the `WARN_ON_ONCE` splats panic systems running `panic_on_warn`."
    }
  }
}