{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-38248",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-38248"
  ],
  "published": "2025-07-09T10:43:51Z",
  "summary": "bridge: mcast: Fix use-after-free during router port configuration",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbridge: mcast: Fix use-after-free during router port configuration\n\nThe bridge maintains a global list of ports behind which a multicast\nrouter resides. The list is consulted during forwarding to ensure\nmulticast packets are forwarded to these ports even if the ports are not\nmember in the matching MDB entry.\n\nWhen per-VLAN multicast snooping is enabled, the per-port multicast\ncontext is disabled on each port and the port is removed from the global\nrouter port list:\n\n # ip link add name br1 up type bridge vlan_filtering 1 mcast_snooping 1\n # ip link add name dummy1 up master br1 type dummy\n # ip link set dev dummy1 type bridge_slave mcast_router 2\n $ bridge -d mdb show | grep router\n router ports on br1: dummy1\n # ip link set dev br1 type bridge mcast_vlan_snooping 1\n $ bridge -d mdb show | grep router\n\nHowever, the port can be re-added to the global list even when per-VLAN\nmulticast snooping is enabled:\n\n # ip link set dev dummy1 type bridge_slave mcast_router 0\n # ip link set dev dummy1 type bridge_slave mcast_router 2\n $ bridge -d mdb show | grep router\n router ports on br1: dummy1\n\nSince commit 4b30ae9adb04 (\"net: bridge: mcast: re-implement\nbr_multicast_{enable, disable}_port functions\"), when per-VLAN multicast\nsnooping is enabled, multicast disablement on a port will disable the\nper-{port, VLAN} multicast contexts and not the per-port one. As a\nresult, a port will remain in the global router port list even after it\nis deleted. This will lead to a use-after-free [1] when the list is\ntraversed (when adding a new port to the list, for example):\n\n # ip link del dev dummy1\n # ip link add name dummy2 up master br1 type dummy\n # ip link set dev dummy2 type bridge_slave mcast_router 2\n\nSimilarly, stale entries can also be found in the per-VLAN router port\nlist. When per-VLAN multicast snooping is disabled, the per-{port, VLAN}\ncontexts are disabled on each port and the port is removed from the\nper-VLAN router port list:\n\n # ip link add name br1 up type bridge vlan_filtering 1 mcast_snooping 1 mcast_vlan_snooping 1\n # ip link add name dummy1 up master br1 type dummy\n # bridge vlan add vid 2 dev dummy1\n # bridge vlan global set vid 2 dev br1 mcast_snooping 1\n # bridge vlan set vid 2 dev dummy1 mcast_router 2\n $ bridge vlan global show dev br1 vid 2 | grep router\n       router ports: dummy1\n # ip link set dev br1 type bridge mcast_vlan_snooping 0\n $ bridge vlan global show dev br1 vid 2 | grep router\n\nHowever, the port can be re-added to the per-VLAN list even when\nper-VLAN multicast snooping is disabled:\n\n # bridge vlan set vid 2 dev dummy1 mcast_router 0\n # bridge vlan set vid 2 dev dummy1 mcast_router 2\n $ bridge vlan global show dev br1 vid 2 | grep router\n       router ports: dummy1\n\nWhen the VLAN is deleted from the port, the per-{port, VLAN} multicast\ncontext will not be disabled since multicast snooping is not enabled\non the VLAN. As a result, the port will remain in the per-VLAN router\nport list even after it is no longer member in the VLAN. This will lead\nto a use-after-free [2] when the list is traversed (when adding a new\nport to the list, for example):\n\n # ip link add name dummy2 up master br1 type dummy\n # bridge vlan add vid 2 dev dummy2\n # bridge vlan del vid 2 dev dummy1\n # bridge vlan set vid 2 dev dummy2 mcast_router 2\n\nFix these issues by removing the port from the relevant (global or\nper-VLAN) router port list in br_multicast_port_ctx_deinit(). The\nfunction is invoked during port deletion with the per-port multicast\ncontext and during VLAN deletion with the per-{port, VLAN} multicast\ncontext.\n\nNote that deleting the multicast router timer is not enough as it only\ntakes care of the temporary multicast router states (1 or 3) and not the\npermanent one (2).\n\n[1]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in br_multicast_add_router.part.0+0x3f1/0x560\nWrite of size 8 at addr ffff888004a67328 by task ip/384\n[...]\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack\n---truncated---",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38248"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d3c2a1d4c7c33103f1ddfdbc5cfe1ea4f6d0dcd"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f05a4f9e959e0fc098046044c650acf897ea52d2"
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    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
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      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The dangling router-port entry is created and triggered through rtnetlink configuration messages (RTM_NEWLINK/RTM_SETLINK with IFLA_BRPORT_MULTICAST_ROUTER and RTM_NEWVLAN options), which require a local socket. Per kernel guidance, netlink-reachable bugs are Local.\nAC:L - The bug is a deterministic state-machine error, not a race: a fixed sequence of `ip link`/`bridge vlan` commands leaves the freed port on the router list and the very next mcast_router set triggers the UAF, as shown by the reproducers and the syzkaller report.\nPR:L - Bridge port and VLAN configuration only requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in the netns owning the device, which any unprivileged user obtains via `unshare -Urn` and then creates the bridge, dummy ports and multicast options entirely inside that namespace.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire configuration sequence themselves through their own netlink socket; no victim action is needed at any point.\nS:U - The corruption stays within the kernel's own memory and security authority, with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - List traversal reads `pmctx->port` and the `hlist_node` links out of freed slab memory, and the resulting dangling entries are also walked on the multicast forwarding path, giving an attacker who reallocates the freed object a means to read kernel memory and defeat KASLR.\nI:H - `hlist_add_behind_rcu()` writes 8 bytes into the freed (attacker-reallocatable) object and later `hlist_del_init_rcu()` writes through an attacker-controlled `pprev`, yielding a controlled-write primitive; freed ports are additionally used to deliver packets via a dangling `net_device`, enabling control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The use-after-free corrupts the bridge router list and reliably produces a KASAN-confirmed slab-use-after-free/out-of-bounds access, causing kernel oops or panic, and can be repeated at will."
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}