{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-38193",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-38193"
  ],
  "published": "2025-07-04T13:42:19Z",
  "summary": "net_sched: sch_sfq: reject invalid perturb period",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet_sched: sch_sfq: reject invalid perturb period\n\nGerrard Tai reported that SFQ perturb_period has no range check yet,\nand this can be used to trigger a race condition fixed in a separate patch.\n\nWe want to make sure ctl->perturb_period * HZ will not overflow\nand is positive.\n\n\ntc qd add dev lo root sfq perturb -10   # negative value : error\nError: sch_sfq: invalid perturb period.\n\ntc qd add dev lo root sfq perturb 1000000000 # too big : error\nError: sch_sfq: invalid perturb period.\n\ntc qd add dev lo root sfq perturb 2000000 # acceptable value\ntc -s -d qd sh dev lo\nqdisc sfq 8005: root refcnt 2 limit 127p quantum 64Kb depth 127 flows 128 divisor 1024 perturb 2000000sec\n Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0)\n backlog 0b 0p requeues 0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38193"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0936ff56be4e08ad5b60ec26971eae0c40af305"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2254d038dab9c194fe6a4b1ce31034f42e91a6e5"
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    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0357da9149eac621f39e235a135ebf155f01f7c3"
    },
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    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/590b2d7d0beadba2aa576708a05a05f0aae39295"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7ca52541c05c832d32b112274f81a985101f9ba8"
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  "database_specific": {
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    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The attacker-controlled `perturb_period` arrives via an RTM_NEWQDISC netlink message on an AF_NETLINK socket (tc qdisc add/change), which requires local system access. No remote peer or packet data can influence this value.\nAC:L - A single deterministic command (`tc qdisc add dev lo root sfq perturb -10`, or a value that overflows `* HZ`) sets the malicious period every time, with no reliance on conditions outside the attacker's control; for the downstream qdisc race, this bug is itself the mechanism that makes the timing attacker-controlled and the race reliably winnable.\nPR:L - The path is gated only by `netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, evaluated against the netns owner's user namespace, so any unprivileged user obtains it with `unshare -Urn` and then configures SFQ on lo/veth. `sch_sfq` is loaded on demand via module alias, so no real root in the initial namespace is required.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence \u2014 create the namespace, add the SFQ qdisc with the invalid period, and drive the parent qdisc change \u2014 with no action by any other user.\nS:U - The corrupted state (SFQ timer state, parent qdisc qlen/backlog accounting, and resulting freed qdisc objects) all lives within the kernel's own security authority; this is standard kernel-local escalation, not a VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary crossing.\nC:H - By making the SFQ perturb timer fire at an attacker-chosen instant, this bug enables the parent-qdisc qlen/backlog underflow that yields a use-after-free of qdisc objects, giving an attacker-controllable read primitive over reclaimed kernel memory and disclosure of arbitrary kernel data.\nI:H - The same underflow-driven use-after-free permits heap spraying over the freed qdisc allocation and attacker-controlled writes into kernel structures (including function pointers in Qdisc_ops paths), which is the documented route to full privilege escalation for this class of net/sched bug.\nA:H - A negative period makes `mod_timer(jiffies + period)` expire in the past, so `sfq_perturbation()` re-arms and re-fires every tick forever, holding the root qdisc lock while rehashing every queued packet across up to 65408 flows \u2014 a permanent softirq livelock that stalls the device's transmit path, and the resulting UAF crashes the kernel outright."
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}