{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-38060",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-38060"
  ],
  "published": "2025-06-18T09:34:24Z",
  "summary": "bpf: copy_verifier_state() should copy 'loop_entry' field",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: copy_verifier_state() should copy 'loop_entry' field\n\nThe bpf_verifier_state.loop_entry state should be copied by\ncopy_verifier_state(). Otherwise, .loop_entry values from unrelated\nstates would poison env->cur_state.\n\nAdditionally, env->stack should not contain any states with\n.loop_entry != NULL. The states in env->stack are yet to be verified,\nwhile .loop_entry is set for states that reached an equivalent state.\nThis means that env->cur_state->loop_entry should always be NULL after\npop_stack().\n\nSee the selftest in the next commit for an example of the program that\nis not safe yet is accepted by verifier w/o this fix.\n\nThis change has some verification performance impact for selftests:\n\nFile                                Program                       Insns (A)  Insns (B)  Insns   (DIFF)  States (A)  States (B)  States (DIFF)\n----------------------------------  ----------------------------  ---------  ---------  --------------  ----------  ----------  -------------\narena_htab.bpf.o                    arena_htab_llvm                     717        426  -291 (-40.59%)          57          37  -20 (-35.09%)\narena_htab_asm.bpf.o                arena_htab_asm                      597        445  -152 (-25.46%)          47          37  -10 (-21.28%)\narena_list.bpf.o                    arena_list_del                      309        279    -30 (-9.71%)          23          14   -9 (-39.13%)\niters.bpf.o                         iter_subprog_check_stacksafe        155        141    -14 (-9.03%)          15          14    -1 (-6.67%)\niters.bpf.o                         iter_subprog_iters                 1094       1003    -91 (-8.32%)          88          83    -5 (-5.68%)\niters.bpf.o                         loop_state_deps2                    479        725  +246 (+51.36%)          46          63  +17 (+36.96%)\nkmem_cache_iter.bpf.o               open_coded_iter                      63         59     -4 (-6.35%)           7           6   -1 (-14.29%)\nverifier_bits_iter.bpf.o            max_words                            92         84     -8 (-8.70%)           8           7   -1 (-12.50%)\nverifier_iterating_callbacks.bpf.o  cond_break2                         113        107     -6 (-5.31%)          12          12    +0 (+0.00%)\n\nAnd significant negative impact for sched_ext:\n\nFile               Program                 Insns (A)  Insns (B)  Insns         (DIFF)  States (A)  States (B)  States      (DIFF)\n-----------------  ----------------------  ---------  ---------  --------------------  ----------  ----------  ------------------\nbpf.bpf.o          lavd_init                    7039      14723      +7684 (+109.16%)         490        1139     +649 (+132.45%)\nbpf.bpf.o          layered_dispatch            11485      10548         -937 (-8.16%)         848         762       -86 (-10.14%)\nbpf.bpf.o          layered_dump                 7422    1000001  +992579 (+13373.47%)         681       31178  +30497 (+4478.27%)\nbpf.bpf.o          layered_enqueue             16854      71127     +54273 (+322.02%)        1611        6450    +4839 (+300.37%)\nbpf.bpf.o          p2dq_dispatch                 665        791        +126 (+18.95%)          68          78       +10 (+14.71%)\nbpf.bpf.o          p2dq_init                    2343       2980        +637 (+27.19%)         201         237       +36 (+17.91%)\nbpf.bpf.o          refresh_layer_cpumasks      16487     674760   +658273 (+3992.68%)        1770       65370  +63600 (+3593.22%)\nbpf.bpf.o          rusty_select_cpu             1937      40872    +38935 (+2010.07%)         177        3210   +3033 (+1713.56%)\nscx_central.bpf.o  central_dispatch              636       2687      +2051 (+322.48%)          63         227     +164 (+260.32%)\nscx_nest.bpf.o     nest_init                     636        815        +179 (+28.14%)          60          73       +13 (+21.67%)\nscx_qmap.bpf.o     qmap_dispatch      \n---truncated---",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38060"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46ba5757a7a4714e7d3f68cfe118208822cb3d78"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b4afd89fa75f738a80ca849126fd3cad77bcbf1"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bbbc02b7445ebfda13e4847f4f1413c6480a85a9"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the local `bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD)` syscall when the in-kernel verifier analyses an attacker-supplied program. No network or adjacent-network path exists.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the BPF instruction stream and therefore the verifier's DFS/state-graph traversal; the upstream selftest is a deterministic reproducer, and the `BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ` flag that makes checkpointing fully predictable requires no extra privilege. No condition lies outside the attacker's control.\nPR:L - Loading a program containing iterator kfuncs requires CAP_BPF (`env->bpf_capable`), which is a non-root capability commonly delegated to unprivileged service accounts and, since 6.9, to user namespaces via BPF tokens \u2014 the verifier itself is the security boundary such a caller is supposed to be confined by. This is basic-user-level privilege, not init-namespace root.\nUI:N - The attacker loads and runs its own BPF program; no action by any other user or administrator is needed.\nS:U - The unsound verification and the resulting memory corruption both occur within the kernel's own security authority; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or VM boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The accepted program obtains pointer arithmetic on `r10` with a register the verifier believes is a proven constant but which is attacker-controlled at runtime, yielding arbitrary kernel memory reads that can be exfiltrated to userspace through a BPF map.\nI:H - The same primitive gives an unvalidated `*(u64 *)(r10 + reg) = value` store with no JIT-emitted bounds check, i.e. arbitrary kernel memory write leading to privilege escalation and control-flow hijacking \u2014 the classic verifier-soundness LPE pattern.\nA:H - Writes to kernel memory that the verifier never validated corrupt kernel stack/heap state, reliably producing an oops or panic even when full exploitation is not attempted."
    }
  }
}