{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-37998",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-37998"
  ],
  "published": "2025-05-29T13:16:23Z",
  "summary": "openvswitch: Fix unsafe attribute parsing in output_userspace()",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nopenvswitch: Fix unsafe attribute parsing in output_userspace()\n\nThis patch replaces the manual Netlink attribute iteration in\noutput_userspace() with nla_for_each_nested(), which ensures that only\nwell-formed attributes are processed.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37998"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6712dc21506738f5f22b4f68b7c0d9e0df819dbd"
    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06b4f110c79716c181a8c5da007c259807840232"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/47f7f00cf2fa3137d5c0416ef1a71bdf77901395"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bca8df998cce1fead8cbc69144862eadc2e34c87"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0236742bd959332181c1fcc41a05b7b709180501"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec334aaab74705cc515205e1da3cb369fdfd93cd"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fa672cbce9c86c3efb8621df1ae580d47813430"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6beb6835c1fbb3f676aebb51a5fee6b77fed9308"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The malformed action must be installed through the openvswitch generic-netlink interface (OVS_PACKET_CMD_EXECUTE or OVS_FLOW_CMD_NEW), which requires a local netlink socket. A remote peer's packets cannot introduce malformed attributes, since the datapath's action list is written only by local userspace.\nAC:L - Exploitation is fully deterministic \u2014 the attacker crafts a nested attribute with nla_len of 0, 1-3, or 0xFFFF and executes it; there is no race and no dependence on memory layout to trigger the loop or the OOB copy. Liberal netlink validation accepts the malformed trailer unconditionally.\nPR:L - The OVS genl ops use GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM with .netnsok = true, i.e. netlink_ns_capable(skb, net->user_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN), so an ordinary unprivileged user obtains the needed capability via `unshare -Urn` and creates their own datapath. No real root in the init namespace is required.\nUI:N - The attacker installs the action and triggers execution entirely from their own process via netlink; no victim action or cooperating process is involved.\nS:U - The corruption and disclosure are confined to the kernel that the attacker is already interacting with \u2014 standard local kernel compromise with no crossing into a hypervisor, IOMMU, or other security authority.\nC:H - A USERDATA attribute with nla_len 0xFFFF makes queue_userspace_packet() copy ~64KB from beyond the \u226432KB sw_flow_actions allocation directly into the upcall netlink message sent to the attacker's own socket, yielding a repeatable arbitrary-offset kernel heap read that defeats KASLR and leaks adjacent object contents.\nI:H - A USERDATA attribute with nla_len of 1-3 makes nla_len() negative, and queue_userspace_packet() uses __nla_put() with no tailroom check, so memcpy() is invoked with a size_t of ~2^64 \u2014 an unbounded out-of-bounds write past the skb constituting severe heap memory corruption.\nA:H - An attribute with nla_len == 0 makes NLA_ALIGN(0) == 0, so nla_next() neither advances the pointer nor decrements rem, hanging the CPU in an infinite loop inside the packet-processing path with RCU read lock held; the wild memcpy and OOB read paths additionally produce immediate oops/panic."
    }
  }
}