{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-37890",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-37890"
  ],
  "published": "2025-05-16T12:59:33Z",
  "summary": "net_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class with netem as child qdisc",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class with netem as child qdisc\n\nAs described in Gerrard's report [1], we have a UAF case when an hfsc class\nhas a netem child qdisc. The crux of the issue is that hfsc is assuming\nthat checking for cl->qdisc->q.qlen == 0 guarantees that it hasn't inserted\nthe class in the vttree or eltree (which is not true for the netem\nduplicate case).\n\nThis patch checks the n_active class variable to make sure that the code\nwon't insert the class in the vttree or eltree twice, catering for the\nreentrant case.\n\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/CAHcdcOm+03OD2j6R0=YHKqmy=VgJ8xEOKuP6c7mSgnp-TEJJbw@mail.gmail.com/",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37890"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/273bbcfa53541cde38b2003ad88a59b770306421"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0cf8ee23e1915431f262a7b2dee0c7a7d699af0"
    },
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    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8df7d37d626430035b413b97cee18396b3450bef"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6082a87af4c52f58150d40dec1716011d871ac21"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2e7093c7a8aba5d4f8809f271488e5babe75e202"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac39fd4a757584d78ed062d4f6fd913f83bd98b5"
    },
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  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - Exploitation requires configuring an hfsc qdisc with a netem child (duplicate enabled) via RTNETLINK/tc and then transmitting packets locally, so the attacker must have local access to the system. Per kernel scoring guidance, tc/netlink qdisc bugs are Local.\nAC:L - The reentrancy is deterministic \u2014 netem's duplicate path re-enters hfsc_enqueue() synchronously on the same CPU before the child qdisc's qlen is incremented, so a single packet with duplicate=100% reliably double-activates the class. No race or uncontrolled memory-layout condition is involved.\nPR:L - Qdisc/class creation requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but only ns_capable() over the netns owner user namespace (netlink_net_capable in rtnetlink_rcv_msg), which any unprivileged user obtains with `unshare -Urn` on default distro configs. Triggering enqueue only needs sending a packet over the local device.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 qdisc/class setup, packet transmission, and class deletion \u2014 with no action from any other user or administrator.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences are confined to the kernel's own memory and scheduling structures within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed hfsc_class remains linked in the parent's vt_tree/cf_tree and the eligible rbtree, so subsequent rbtree traversals read attacker-groomed heap contents; a UAF of a slab object with reclaimed contents yields a kernel information-disclosure primitive.\nI:H - Stale rb_node links cause rb_insert_color()/rb_erase()/vttree_update() to write into freed memory that the attacker can reclaim with a controlled object, giving a write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking and privilege escalation. The doubly-inserted el_node additionally corrupts the eligible rbtree structure itself.\nA:H - Even without weaponization, the use-after-free and corrupted rbtree produce oopses, hangs on cyclic tree traversal, or a kernel panic, taking the whole system down."
    }
  }
}