{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-37797",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-37797"
  ],
  "published": "2025-05-02T14:16:22Z",
  "summary": "net_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class handling",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class handling\n\nThis patch fixes a Use-After-Free vulnerability in the HFSC qdisc class\nhandling. The issue occurs due to a time-of-check/time-of-use condition\nin hfsc_change_class() when working with certain child qdiscs like netem\nor codel.\n\nThe vulnerability works as follows:\n1. hfsc_change_class() checks if a class has packets (q.qlen != 0)\n2. It then calls qdisc_peek_len(), which for certain qdiscs (e.g.,\n   codel, netem) might drop packets and empty the queue\n3. The code continues assuming the queue is still non-empty, adding\n   the class to vttree\n4. This breaks HFSC scheduler assumptions that only non-empty classes\n   are in vttree\n5. Later, when the class is destroyed, this can lead to a Use-After-Free\n\nThe fix adds a second queue length check after qdisc_peek_len() to verify\nthe queue wasn't emptied.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37797"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/28b09a067831f7317c3841812276022d6c940677"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39b9095dd3b55d9b2743df038c32138efa34a9de"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20d584a33e480ae80d105f43e0e7b56784da41b9"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3aa852e3605000d5c47035c3fc3a986d14ccfa9f"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86cd4641c713455a4f1c8e54c370c598c2b1cee0"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb583c88d23b72d8d16453d24856c99bd93dadf5"
    },
    {
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  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The entire attack sequence (create hfsc qdisc, attach a codel/netem child, `tc class change`, then `tc class del`) is driven through rtnetlink RTM_NEWTCLASS/RTM_DELTCLASS messages, which require local system access. Per kernel CNA guidance, tc/netlink qdisc bugs are Local.\nAC:L - This is a deterministic time-of-check/time-of-use flaw inside a single netlink operation, not a thread race \u2014 the attacker picks the child qdisc (codel/netem) and its parameters so the peek is guaranteed to drop the packet and empty the queue. No condition outside the attacker's control is involved, and a reliable reproducer existed.\nPR:L - The tc class paths only check `netlink_ns_capable(skb, net->user_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which an unprivileged user satisfies inside a new user+net namespace (`unshare -Urn`), where they can create a dummy/veth device, build the hfsc hierarchy and generate the traffic. Per guidance, tc/qdisc reachable via user namespaces is Low, not High.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 qdisc/class configuration, packet generation, class change and class deletion \u2014 with no action by any other user. Subsequent dequeue on the attacker's own device triggers the freed-object access.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences are confined to the kernel's own memory and privilege domain; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary. Standard kernel-local privilege escalation is Unchanged.\nC:H - The freed `hfsc_class` remains linked in the parent's vt_tree/eltree, so `vttree_firstfit()`/`eltree_get_mindl()` read `cl_f`, `cl_vt`, `cl_parent` and `cl->qdisc` out of reclaimed slab memory, giving an attacker who sprays the slot a controlled read primitive and kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The dangling rb_node yields `rb_erase()`/`rb_insert_color()` pointer writes plus the direct `cl->cl_parent->cl_cvtmin = cl->cl_vt` write through freed memory, and `qdisc_dequeue_peeked()` makes an indirect call through `cl->qdisc->ops->dequeue` read from the freed object \u2014 a full write/control-flow-hijack primitive for privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without successful exploitation, traversing and erasing rb-tree nodes inside a kfree()d `hfsc_class` reliably corrupts the scheduler tree and panics or oopses the kernel, and the attacker can repeat it at will."
    }
  }
}