{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-23132",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-23132"
  ],
  "published": "2025-04-16T14:14:59Z",
  "summary": "f2fs: quota: fix to avoid warning in dquot_writeback_dquots()",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: quota: fix to avoid warning in dquot_writeback_dquots()\n\nF2FS-fs (dm-59): checkpoint=enable has some unwritten data.\n\n------------[ cut here ]------------\nWARNING: CPU: 6 PID: 8013 at fs/quota/dquot.c:691 dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308\npc : dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308\nlr : f2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4\nCall trace:\ndquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308\nf2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4\nf2fs_write_checkpoint+0x3d4/0x9b0\nf2fs_issue_checkpoint+0x1bc/0x2c0\nf2fs_sync_fs+0x54/0x150\nf2fs_do_sync_file+0x2f8/0x814\n__f2fs_ioctl+0x1960/0x3244\nf2fs_ioctl+0x54/0xe0\n__arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0xe4\ninvoke_syscall+0x58/0x114\n\ncheckpoint and f2fs_remount may race as below, resulting triggering warning\nin dquot_writeback_dquots().\n\natomic write                                    remount\n                                                - do_remount\n                                                 - down_write(&sb->s_umount);\n                                                  - f2fs_remount\n- ioctl\n - f2fs_do_sync_file\n  - f2fs_sync_fs\n   - f2fs_write_checkpoint\n    - block_operations\n     - locked = down_read_trylock(&sbi->sb->s_umount)\n       : fail to lock due to the write lock was held by remount\n                                                 - up_write(&sb->s_umount);\n     - f2fs_quota_sync\n      - dquot_writeback_dquots\n       - WARN_ON_ONCE(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount))\n       : trigger warning because s_umount lock was unlocked by remount\n\nIf checkpoint comes from mount/umount/remount/freeze/quotactl, caller of\ncheckpoint has already held s_umount lock, calling dquot_writeback_dquots()\nin the context should be safe.\n\nSo let's record task to sbi->umount_lock_holder, so that checkpoint can\nknow whether the lock has held in the context or not by checking current\nw/ it.\n\nIn addition, in order to not misrepresent caller of checkpoint, we should\nnot allow to trigger async checkpoint for those callers: mount/umount/remount/\nfreeze/quotactl.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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      "cvss_v3_score": 7.0,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is entered purely through local syscalls against a mounted f2fs volume \u2014 `syncfs()`, `fsync()` or `__f2fs_ioctl()` reaching `f2fs_sync_fs` \u2192 `f2fs_issue_checkpoint` \u2192 `block_operations`. There is no remote or network-facing route into f2fs checkpointing.\nAC:H - The attacker can spam the checkpoint side at will, but `down_read_trylock(&sb->s_umount)` only fails while a *writer* holds the lock, and every writer (mount/remount/umount/freeze/quotaon-off/shutdown ioctl) is a CAP_SYS_ADMIN operation the unprivileged attacker cannot initiate; the lock must additionally be released or be tearing down quota within the narrow window before `dquot_writeback_dquots()`. That timing dependency on an administrative mount-state change is beyond the attacker's control.\nPR:L - The attacker-facing half needs no privilege at all \u2014 any local user with a file or fd on the f2fs mount can loop on `syncfs()`/`fsync()` to drive checkpoints, which is the case on every Android device where `/data` is f2fs with the `quota_ino` feature enabled by default. No capability, and no user namespace, is required on the triggering path.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the triggering syscall themselves and nothing must be opened, mounted or clicked on their behalf. The concurrent administrative remount is a timing precondition already accounted for in Attack Complexity, not victim participation in the attack.\nS:U - The damage is confined to kernel memory and kernel-managed quota/filesystem state within the same security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Running `dquot_writeback_dquots()`/`f2fs_quota_sync_file()` without `s_umount` removes exactly the protection that keeps quota state alive \u2014 `dqopt->files[type]->i_mapping` is dereferenced after only a lockless `sb_has_quota_active()` check, and `dqopt->info[cnt].dqi_dirty_list` is walked while `invalidate_dquots()` frees its entries. A use-after-free read of `struct inode`/`struct dquot` in a general-purpose slab is leverageable for disclosure of adjacent kernel objects.\nI:H - The same unsynchronized window lets `filemap_fdatawrite()` and `dquot_write_dquot()` write through a quota inode that `vfs_cleanup_quota_inode()` has already `iput()`ed and NULLed, giving a write into freed slab memory alongside corruption of on-disk quota accounting (f2fs flags `SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR`, requiring fsck). A use-after-free write is a classic route to control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The immediate, reported effect is a `WARNING` splat that taints the kernel and is an outright panic on the many hardened Android, cloud and embedded builds that set `panic_on_warn=1`. Beyond that, the lost lock readily oopses the kernel via NULL dereference of a cleared `dqopt->files[type]` or a use-after-free on the quota inode."
    }
  }
}