{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-21999",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-21999"
  ],
  "published": "2025-04-03T07:18:16Z",
  "summary": "proc: fix UAF in proc_get_inode()",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nproc: fix UAF in proc_get_inode()\n\nFix race between rmmod and /proc/XXX's inode instantiation.\n\nThe bug is that pde->proc_ops don't belong to /proc, it belongs to a\nmodule, therefore dereferencing it after /proc entry has been registered\nis a bug unless use_pde/unuse_pde() pair has been used.\n\nuse_pde/unuse_pde can be avoided (2 atomic ops!) because pde->proc_ops\nnever changes so information necessary for inode instantiation can be\nsaved _before_ proc_register() in PDE itself and used later, avoiding\npde->proc_ops->...  dereference.\n\n      rmmod                         lookup\nsys_delete_module\n                         proc_lookup_de\n\t\t\t   pde_get(de);\n\t\t\t   proc_get_inode(dir->i_sb, de);\n  mod->exit()\n    proc_remove\n      remove_proc_subtree\n       proc_entry_rundown(de);\n  free_module(mod);\n\n                               if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))\n\t                         if (de->proc_ops->proc_read_iter)\n                           --> As module is already freed, will trigger UAF\n\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff80a702b\nPGD 817fc4067 P4D 817fc4067 PUD 817fc0067 PMD 102ef4067 PTE 0\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN PTI\nCPU: 26 UID: 0 PID: 2667 Comm: ls Tainted: G\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)\nRIP: 0010:proc_get_inode+0x302/0x6e0\nRSP: 0018:ffff88811c837998 EFLAGS: 00010a06\nRAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffffffffc0538140 RCX: 0000000000000007\nRDX: 1ffffffff80a702b RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffffffffc0538158\nRBP: ffff8881299a6000 R08: 0000000067bbe1e5 R09: 1ffff11023906f20\nR10: ffffffffb560ca07 R11: ffffffffb2b43a58 R12: ffff888105bb78f0\nR13: ffff888100518048 R14: ffff8881299a6004 R15: 0000000000000001\nFS:  00007f95b9686840(0000) GS:ffff8883af100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: fffffbfff80a702b CR3: 0000000117dd2000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n proc_lookup_de+0x11f/0x2e0\n __lookup_slow+0x188/0x350\n walk_component+0x2ab/0x4f0\n path_lookupat+0x120/0x660\n filename_lookup+0x1ce/0x560\n vfs_statx+0xac/0x150\n __do_sys_newstat+0x96/0x110\n do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x170\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\n[adobriyan@gmail.com: don't do 2 atomic ops on the common path]",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21999"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eda279586e571b05dff44d48e05f8977ad05855d"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b0b8445b6fd41e6f62ac90547a0ea9d348de3fa"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/966f331403dc3ed04ff64eaf3930cf1267965e53"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63b53198aff2e4e6c5866a4ff73c7891f958ffa4"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ede3e8ac90ae106f0b29cd759aadebc1568f1308"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64dc7c68e040251d9ec6e989acb69f8f6ae4a10b"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/654b33ada4ab5e926cd9c570196fefa7bec7c1df"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through ordinary local syscalls (stat/open/newstat) on paths under /proc, as shown by the commit's own trace from `ls` via `__do_sys_newstat` \u2192 `path_lookupat` \u2192 `proc_lookup_de` \u2192 `proc_get_inode`. No network protocol handling is involved.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls their side of the race and can hold the window open continuously \u2014 `/proc/net` entries use `proc_net_dentry_ops` whose `.d_revalidate` always returns 0, so every single access re-runs `proc_lookup_de()`/`proc_get_inode()`, and fresh procfs mounts or netns via `unshare -Ur` defeat any dcache caching. On the realistic deployment targets (Android, embedded, automotive) module load/unload cycles are frequent and user-inducible via device/radio state changes, so no condition requires attacker-unattainable luck.\nPR:L - Triggering the vulnerable dereference requires only the ability to look up a path under /proc, which is mode 0555 and open to any unprivileged local user; no capability is checked anywhere on the lookup path. Unprivileged users can additionally use user namespaces to obtain fresh procfs/netns instances and to autoload modules that register `/proc/net` entries.\nUI:N - The attacker's exploitation loop is entirely self-driven \u2014 a continuous stat() loop on the target /proc entry \u2014 and requires no victim to open a file, mount a filesystem, or otherwise participate.\nS:U - The use-after-free occurs in kernel memory and its consequences are confined to the kernel's own security authority; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on freed module memory; once the vmalloc/execmem region is reclaimed and re-populated (e.g. by a subsequent module load), the stale read feeds attacker-influenceable data into inode setup, and UAF primitives of this class are leveraged for kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The UAF causes the kernel to select `i_fop` based on freed, potentially reallocated memory, yielding a stale-object/type-confusion condition on the instantiated inode; use-after-free on kernel structures is exploitable via heap grooming for control-flow-relevant corruption.\nA:H - The commit documents an unrecoverable oops \u2014 \"BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff80a702b \u2026 Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN PTI\" at `proc_get_inode+0x302` \u2014 and the attacker can retrigger it at will with a stat() loop, causing kernel crash/denial of service."
    }
  }
}