{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2025-21738",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-21738"
  ],
  "published": "2025-02-27T02:12:01Z",
  "summary": "ata: libata-sff: Ensure that we cannot write outside the allocated buffer",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nata: libata-sff: Ensure that we cannot write outside the allocated buffer\n\nreveliofuzzing reported that a SCSI_IOCTL_SEND_COMMAND ioctl with out_len\nset to 0xd42, SCSI command set to ATA_16 PASS-THROUGH, ATA command set to\nATA_NOP, and protocol set to ATA_PROT_PIO, can cause ata_pio_sector() to\nwrite outside the allocated buffer, overwriting random memory.\n\nWhile a ATA device is supposed to abort a ATA_NOP command, there does seem\nto be a bug either in libata-sff or QEMU, where either this status is not\nset, or the status is cleared before read by ata_sff_hsm_move().\nAnyway, that is most likely a separate bug.\n\nLooking at __atapi_pio_bytes(), it already has a safety check to ensure\nthat __atapi_pio_bytes() cannot write outside the allocated buffer.\n\nAdd a similar check to ata_pio_sector(), such that also ata_pio_sector()\ncannot write outside the allocated buffer.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21738"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8f8cf87059ed1905c2a5c72f8b39a4f57b11b4c"
    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5e6e3000309359eae2a17117aa6e3c44897bf6c"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0dd5aade301a10f4b329fa7454fdcc2518741902"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a17a9944b8d89ef03946121241870ac53ddaf45"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e74e53b34b6dec5a50e1404e2680852ec6768d2"
    }
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  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T12:19:11Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered through the SCSI_IOCTL_SEND_COMMAND (or SG_IO) ioctl issued on a local ATA block device node, requiring local system access. There is no network-facing path into libata's PIO transfer code.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically controls both required conditions \u2014 the buffer length (any out_len/in_len that is not a multiple of the 512-byte sector size) and the ATA sector count in the pass-through CDB \u2014 with no race, no memory-layout dependency, and no reliance on the device's error behaviour when a normal PIO read/write command is used.\nPR:L - The ATA_12 pass-through opcode 0xA1 aliases GPCMD_BLANK in scsi_cmd_allowed(), so it is permitted for any unprivileged user holding a write-opened fd on the block device \u2014 no CAP_SYS_RAWIO is needed \u2014 which is routinely the case for disk-group members, containers with device passthrough, and embedded/appliance images with permissive device nodes.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers the entire sequence from its own process via a single ioctl; no action by any other user or administrator is required.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds write corrupts kernel memory within the same security authority; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary.\nC:H - In the data-out direction (ATA_CMD_PIO_WRITE with an unaligned in_len) the kernel reads far past the end of the kmalloc'd buffer and streams that kernel memory to attacker-chosen disk sectors, which can then simply be read back \u2014 an unbounded kernel-memory disclosure primitive.\nI:H - In the data-in direction the kernel writes up to ~128 KB of device-supplied data (contents of disk sectors the attacker previously wrote, hence fully controlled) past the end of a small slab allocation into adjacent pages, giving a controlled-content heap overflow suitable for control-flow hijacking and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Overwriting arbitrary adjacent kernel pages and slab metadata with attacker data reliably corrupts unrelated kernel structures, producing oopses, slab corruption BUGs, and full system panics."
    }
  }
}