{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2024-50078",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2024-50078"
  ],
  "published": "2024-10-29T00:50:48Z",
  "summary": "Bluetooth: Call iso_exit() on module unload",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nBluetooth: Call iso_exit() on module unload\n\nIf iso_init() has been called, iso_exit() must be called on module\nunload. Without that, the struct proto that iso_init() registered with\nproto_register() becomes invalid, which could cause unpredictable\nproblems later. In my case, with CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED and\nCONFIG_BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION enabled, loading the module again usually\ntriggers this BUG():\n\n  list_add corruption. next->prev should be prev (ffffffffb5355fd0),\n    but was 0000000000000068. (next=ffffffffc0a010d0).\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:29!\n  Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI\n  CPU: 1 PID: 4159 Comm: modprobe Not tainted 6.10.11-4+bt2-ao-desktop #1\n  RIP: 0010:__list_add_valid_or_report+0x61/0xa0\n  ...\n    __list_add_valid_or_report+0x61/0xa0\n    proto_register+0x299/0x320\n    hci_sock_init+0x16/0xc0 [bluetooth]\n    bt_init+0x68/0xd0 [bluetooth]\n    __pfx_bt_init+0x10/0x10 [bluetooth]\n    do_one_initcall+0x80/0x2f0\n    do_init_module+0x8b/0x230\n    __do_sys_init_module+0x15f/0x190\n    do_syscall_64+0x68/0x110\n  ...",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-50078"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4af7ba39a1a02e16ee8cd0d3b6c6657f51b8ad7a"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/05f84d86169b2ebac185c5736a256823d42c425b"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f905a7d95091e0d2605a3a1a157a9351f09ab2e1"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d458cd1221e9e56da3b2cc5518ad3225caa91f20"
    }
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  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T11:52:36Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - Nothing in this bug involves over-the-air Bluetooth traffic; the dangling pointers are reached purely locally via `open(\"/proc/net/iso\")`, `read(\"/proc/net/protocols\")`, or a `socket(AF_BLUETOOTH, \u2026)` syscall that autoloads the module. Local access to the system is therefore required.\nAC:L - Once the module has been unloaded the stale `proto_list` entry and stale `/proc/net/iso` seq_operations are deterministic \u2014 no race, no memory-layout guessing, and the attacker himself triggers the corrupting `proto_register()` by autoloading the module on demand. Every trigger is a single reliable syscall.\nPR:L - The corrupting dereferences are all performed on behalf of an ordinary unprivileged local user: `/proc/net/iso` and `/proc/net/protocols` are world-readable (mode forced to S_IRUGO by proc_create_reg), and `request_module(\"net-pf-31\")` in `__sock_create()` has no capability gate. No CAP_NET_ADMIN or CAP_SYS_MODULE is needed by the attacker to hit the freed memory.\nUI:N - The vulnerable condition is a persistent system state left behind by an ordinary lifecycle event (driver reload, dongle hotplug handling, rfkill/hardening scripts, `modprobe -r bluetooth` during troubleshooting), not an action a victim must be tricked into performing as part of the attack. After that state exists, the attacker acts entirely alone.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed. Standard kernel-local privilege-escalation scope.\nC:H - `proto_seq_printf()` walks the stale `proto_list` entry and prints `proto->name` (`%s`) and `proto->owner->name` from freed module memory straight to userspace, and the stale `bt_seq_ops`/`iso_sk_list` in `/proc/net/iso` yield an attacker-steerable read primitive over reallocated kernel memory.\nI:H - The next `proto_register()` performs `__list_add`, writing a kernel pointer into the freed module region, and `/proc/net/iso` makes an indirect call through a `seq_operations` function pointer read from that same freed memory \u2014 a use-after-free giving both write and control-flow-hijack primitives once the module vmalloc range is reused.\nA:H - The reported symptom is a hard kernel panic \u2014 `list_add corruption \u2026 kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:29` / `Oops: invalid opcode` \u2014 reproducibly triggered on module reload, which any unprivileged user can force via AF_BLUETOOTH socket autoload. Uninstrumented kernels instead suffer arbitrary memory corruption that crashes just as readily."
    }
  }
}