{
  "schema_version": "1.6.1",
  "id": "RPI-CVE-2024-46751",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z",
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2024-46751"
  ],
  "published": "2024-09-18T07:17:19Z",
  "summary": "btrfs: don't BUG_ON() when 0 reference count at btrfs_lookup_extent_info()",
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: don't BUG_ON() when 0 reference count at btrfs_lookup_extent_info()\n\nInstead of doing a BUG_ON() handle the error by returning -EUCLEAN,\naborting the transaction and logging an error message.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    }
  ],
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  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-46751"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c309d2434abbe880712af7e60da9ead8b6703fe"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d64807ded1b6054f066e03d8add6d920f3db9e5d"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18eb53a2734ff61b9a72c4fef5db7b38cb48ae16"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3cfec712a439c5c5f5c718c5c669ee41a898f776"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef9a8b73c8b60b27d9db4787e624a3438ffe8428"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/28cb13f29faf6290597b24b728dc3100c019356f"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git",
    "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T11:52:36Z",
    "severity": {
      "source": "kernel CNA",
      "cvss_v3_score": 7.8,
      "cvss_v3_severity": "High",
      "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through a locally attached btrfs filesystem \u2014 a crafted image on a USB stick, loop-mounted file, or container/VM disk image \u2014 and then driven by ordinary local file writes or subvolume deletion. There is no network-facing consumer of btrfs_lookup_extent_info().\nAC:L - The triggering condition is a static, fully attacker-controlled on-disk value (extent item refs == 0) that the tree checker does not reject, so the crafted image deterministically hits the BUG_ON on the first COW or snapshot-delete of the affected block. No race, timing window, or memory-layout dependency is involved.\nPR:L - Once a crafted or inconsistent btrfs is mounted \u2014 routinely via desktop/kiosk automount (udisks2/systemd), shared storage, or container images \u2014 any unprivileged local user with write access drives btrfs_force_cow_block()/btrfs_drop_snapshot() into the assertion; no capability check gates the path.\nUI:N - After the filesystem is present, the attacker triggers the fault entirely through their own file writes or a subvolume delete, with no action required from any other user. Automount removes the need for a victim to explicitly mount the device.\nS:U - The crash and any resulting metadata corruption are confined to the kernel and the affected btrfs filesystem, within the same security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The assertion is btrfs's last line of defense before operating on an extent with broken reference bookkeeping; when it is bypassed (CONFIG_BUG=n embedded/IoT builds) update_ref_for_cow() takes the last-reference path and frees a still-referenced tree block, producing cross-linked extents that expose one file's or subvolume's data through another. The oops itself also dumps kernel registers, stack contents, and pointers to the log.\nI:H - Continuing past a zero refcount causes btrfs to free and re-allocate live metadata blocks, giving the attacker arbitrary corruption of extent-tree and file data belonging to other users on the filesystem. The oops additionally aborts a transaction mid-flight, leaving on-disk state inconsistent.\nA:H - BUG_ON() panics the kernel outright under panic_on_oops; otherwise the task is killed while still holding delayed_refs->lock, head->mutex, and tree locks, so every subsequent delayed-ref operation on that filesystem spins or blocks forever \u2014 an unrecoverable filesystem-wide hang and potential hard lockup, which is exactly why the fix unlocks all three before returning -EUCLEAN."
    }
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}