{ "schema_version": "1.6.1", "id": "RPI-CVE-2024-36009", "modified": "2026-10-09T11:39:44Z", "upstream": [ "CVE-2024-36009" ], "published": "2024-05-20T09:48:48Z", "summary": "ax25: Fix netdev refcount issue", "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: Fix netdev refcount issue\n\nThe dev_tracker is added to ax25_cb in ax25_bind(). When the\nax25 device is detaching, the dev_tracker of ax25_cb should be\ndeallocated in ax25_kill_by_device() instead of the dev_tracker\nof ax25_dev. The log reported by ref_tracker is shown below:\n\n[ 80.884935] ref_tracker: reference already released.\n[ 80.885150] ref_tracker: allocated in:\n[ 80.885349] ax25_dev_device_up+0x105/0x540\n[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0xa4/0x420\n[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0\n[ 80.885730] __dev_notify_flags+0x138/0x280\n[ 80.885730] dev_change_flags+0xd7/0x180\n[ 80.885730] dev_ifsioc+0x6a9/0xa30\n[ 80.885730] dev_ioctl+0x4d8/0xd90\n[ 80.885730] sock_do_ioctl+0x1c2/0x2d0\n[ 80.885730] sock_ioctl+0x38b/0x4f0\n[ 80.885730] __se_sys_ioctl+0xad/0xf0\n[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n[ 80.885730] ref_tracker: freed in:\n[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0x272/0x420\n[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0\n[ 80.885730] dev_close_many+0x272/0x370\n[ 80.885730] unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x3b5/0x1180\n[ 80.885730] unregister_netdev+0xcf/0x120\n[ 80.885730] sixpack_close+0x11f/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_kill+0xcb/0x190\n[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_hangup+0x338/0x3d0\n[ 80.885730] __tty_hangup+0x504/0x740\n[ 80.885730] tty_release+0x46e/0xd80\n[ 80.885730] __fput+0x37f/0x770\n[ 80.885730] __x64_sys_close+0x7b/0xb0\n[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n[ 80.893739] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 80.894030] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 140 at lib/ref_tracker.c:255 ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0\n[ 80.894297] Modules linked in:\n[ 80.894929] CPU: 2 PID: 140 Comm: ax25_conn_rel_6 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc4-g8cd26fd90c1a #11\n[ 80.895190] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qem4\n[ 80.895514] RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0\n[ 80.895808] Code: 83 c5 18 4c 89 eb 48 c1 eb 03 8a 04 13 84 c0 0f 85 df 01 00 00 41 83 7d 00 00 75 4b 4c 89 ff 9\n[ 80.896171] RSP: 0018:ffff888009edf8c0 EFLAGS: 00000286\n[ 80.896339] RAX: 1ffff1100141ac00 RBX: 1ffff1100149463b RCX: dffffc0000000000\n[ 80.896502] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000246 RDI: ffff88800a0d6518\n[ 80.896925] RBP: ffff888009edf9b0 R08: ffff88806d3288d3 R09: 1ffff1100da6511a\n[ 80.897212] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed100da6511b R12: ffff88800a4a31d4\n[ 80.897859] R13: ffff88800a4a31d8 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: ffff88800a0d6518\n[ 80.898279] FS: 00007fd88b7fe700(0000) GS:ffff88806d300000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n[ 80.899436] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n[ 80.900181] CR2: 00007fd88c001d48 CR3: 000000000993e000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\n...\n[ 80.935774] ref_tracker: sp%d@000000000bb9df3d has 1/1 users at\n[ 80.935774] ax25_bind+0x424/0x4e0\n[ 80.935774] __sys_bind+0x1d9/0x270\n[ 80.935774] __x64_sys_bind+0x75/0x80\n[ 80.935774] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.935774] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n\nChange ax25_dev->dev_tracker to the dev_tracker of ax25_cb\nin order to mitigate the bug.", "severity": [ { "type": "CVSS_V3", "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H" } ], "affected": [ { "package": { "ecosystem": "Raspberry Pi OS:12", "name": "linux" }, "versions": [ "1:6.1.21-1+rpt1", "1:6.1.47-1+rpt2", "1:6.1.47-1+rpt4", "1:6.1.54-1+rpt2", "1:6.1.58-1+rpt2", "1:6.1.63-1+rpt1", "1:6.1.73-1+rpt1", "1:6.6.20-1+rpt1", "1:6.6.28-1+rpt1" ], "ecosystem_specific": { "binaries": [ { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.1.0-rpi1-rpi-v6", "binary_version": "1:6.1.21-1+rpt1" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.1.0-rpi1-rpi-v7", "binary_version": "1:6.1.21-1+rpt1" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.1.0-rpi1-rpi-v7l", "binary_version": "1:6.1.21-1+rpt1" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.1.0-rpi1-rpi-v8", "binary_version": "1:6.1.21-1+rpt1" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.1.0-rpi2-rpi-v6", "binary_version": "1:6.1.47-1+rpt2" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.1.0-rpi2-rpi-v7", "binary_version": "1:6.1.47-1+rpt2" }, { "binary_name": "linux-image-6.1.0-rpi2-rpi-v7l", "binary_version": "1:6.1.47-1+rpt2" }, { 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"ADVISORY", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-36009" }, { "type": "FIX", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d14f104027e30720582448706c7d6b43065c851" }, { "type": "FIX", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fee8fa86a15d7790268eea458b1aec69c695530" }, { "type": "FIX", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c42b073d9af4a5329b25b17390c63ab3847f30e8" }, { "type": "FIX", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/467324bcfe1a31ec65d0cf4aa59421d6b7a7d52b" } ], "database_specific": { "source": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git", "upstream_modified": "2026-08-05T11:52:36Z", "severity": { "source": "kernel CNA", "cvss_v3_score": 7.8, "cvss_v3_severity": "High", "scenario": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local syscalls \u2014 socket()/bind() on AF_AX25 plus the netdev down/unregister notifier \u2014 and AX.25 sockets and devices are restricted to the initial network namespace, so no remote or adjacent packet path reaches this code.\nAC:L - Within an affected configuration the erroneous tracker release is deterministic: any socket bound to the AX.25 device makes ax25_kill_by_device() free the wrong tracker, and the subsequent ax25_dev_device_down() double-free is unconditional. The heap-recycling escalation is driven by attacker-controlled AX.25 bind/close churn on both sides, so no condition outside the attacker's influence is required.\nPR:L - An ordinary unprivileged local user can create and bind an AX.25 socket (ax25_create requires no capability for SOCK_SEQPACKET/SOCK_DGRAM and ax25_bind only checks CAP_NET_ADMIN when the non-default ax25_uid_policy is set), and that bound socket is the precondition that makes the buggy netdev_put() execute.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed for the exploit itself \u2014 the trigger is the interface going down or the KISS/6pack TNC detaching, which happens as routine operation of an AX.25 station rather than as a deliberate user action on the attacker's behalf.\nS:U - The mismanaged reference tracking, the WARN, and any resulting memory corruption all occur inside the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale ax25_dev->dev_tracker pointer is dereferenced after the tracker object is recycled out of the 128-entry quarantine, giving a read of freed/reused slab memory whose contents the attacker can groom, which is an arbitrary-read style disclosure primitive; the WARN/ref_tracker splats additionally dump kernel addresses and stack traces.\nI:H - After the tracker is freed, ref_tracker_free() writes tracker->free_stack_handle and performs list_move_tail() on the reused object, yielding a list-unlink write with attacker-influenced pointers \u2014 memory corruption exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a WARNING at lib/ref_tracker.c:255 (a panic on panic_on_warn systems) plus a second WARN for leaked trackers at netdev teardown, and the freed-object path causes kernel oopses/heap corruption; the unreleased ax25_cb trackers also leak memory for the netdev's lifetime." } } }